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Kdata.Together,weobtainedcross-speciesdatafor25mAbstoevaluateCLandSCbioailabilityrelationshipsamongrats,monkeys,andhumans.Results:RatandmonkeyCLsignificantlycorrelatedwithhumanCLandsupportedtheuseofspecies-specificexponentsforbody-weight-basedallometricscaling.Notably,ratSCbioailabilitysignificantlycorrelatedwithhumanSCbioailability,whilemonkeySCbioailabilitydidnot.Bioailabilityalsocorrelatedwithclearance.Conclusions:TheratmodelenablesanearlyassessmentofmAbPKproperties,allowingdiscriminationamongmoleculesinthediscoverypipelineandpredictionofhumanPK.Importantly,ratSCbioailabilitysignificantlycorrelatedwithhumanSCbioailability,whichhasnotbeenobservedwithotherspecies.Ratsarecost-effectiveandefficientrelativetomonkeysandprovideavaluabletoolforpharmacokineticpredictionsintherapeuticantibodydiscovery.FullarticleattachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,504KiB)23pes,7865KiB OpenAccessArticleAntioxidant,Anti-α-Glucosidase,Anti-Tyrosinase,andAnti-AcetylcholinesteraseComponentsfromStemofRhamnus formosanawithMolecularDockingStudybyChia-HsuanTsai,Ya-LunLiou,Sin-MinLi,Hsiang-RueiLiaoandJih-JungChenAntioxidants2025,14(1),8;doi.org/10.3390/antiox(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractRhamnusformosanaisacreepingevergreenshrubendemictoTaiwan.Intraditionalmedicine,Rhamnaceaeplantsareusedasherbalremediesforconditionssuchasitching,difficultyurinating,andconstipation.Thisstudyexplorestheinhibitoryeffectsofvarioussolventextractsandbioactivecomponentsof[...]Readmore.RhamnusformosanaisacreepingevergreenshrubendemictoTaiwan.Intraditionalmedicine,Rhamnaceaeplantsareusedasherbalremediesforconditionssuchasitching,difficultyurinating,andconstipation.ThisstudyexplorestheinhibitoryeffectsofvarioussolventextractsandbioactivecomponentsofR.formosanaonα-glucosidase,tyrosinase,acetylcholinesterase(AChE),andantioxidantactivity.The100°CwaterextractexhibitedstrongantioxidantactivityinDPPH,ABTS,superoxide,andFRAPassays.Themethanolextractdemonstratedthehighestα-glucosidaseinhibitoryeffect,whiletheethanolextractdisplayedpotentAChEinhibitionandtheacetonePor favor, espere. Nuvemextractshowedthemostpotentialtyrosinaseinhibitoryactivityamongtheextracts.Fivemainbiocomponentswereisolatedandevaluatedfortheirbioactivities.Amongthem,kaempferol(1)andquercetin(2)exhibitednotableantioxidantactivityinDPPHandABTSassays.Particularly,kaempferol(1)performedthebestα-glucosidaseinhibitoryeffect,physcion(5)showedthestrongestAChEinhibition,andquercetin(2)demonstratedthemostpotentialfortyrosinaseinhibitoryactivity.Furthermoleculardockingstudiesrevealedthattheremaybestrongerbindingmechanismsbetweenbioactivecomponentsandtargetenzymes(includingα-glucosidase,acetylcholinesterase,andtyrosinase)thanthepositivecontrol.ThesefindingssuggestthatbioactiveextractsandcompoundsfromthestemsofR.formosanamayhepotentialasnaturalantioxidant,anti-α-glucosidase,anti-AChE,andanti-tyrosinasedrugcandidatesordietarysupplementsforthemanementofoxidativestress-relatedconditions,includinghyperglycemia,pigmentationdisorders,andneurodegenerativediseases.Fullarticle9658;9660;ShowFiguresGraphicalabstractFigure1---Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure1311pes,1495KiB OpenAccessArticleAGeneralizedDesignofOn-ChipLTCCBalancedFiltersUsingNovelHybridResonatorswithIntrinsicUltra-WidebandSuppressionfor5GApplicationsbyWeiZhao,YongleWu,ZuoyuXuandWeiminWangElectronics2025,14(1),17;doi.org/10.3390/electronics(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractInthispaper,weexamineanultra-compacton-chipbalancedfilterbasedonnovelhybridresonators(NHRs)comprisingshorttransmissionlinesections(STLSs)andseriesLCblocksusinglow-temperatureco-firedceramic(LTCC)technology.Basedonarigoroustheoreticalanalysis,theproposedNHRdemonstratesthe[...]Readmore.Inthispaper,weexamineanultra-compacton-chipbalancedfilterbasedonnovelhybridresonators(NHRs)comprisingshorttransmissionlinesections(STLSs)andseriesLCblocksusinglow-temperatureco-firedceramic(LTCC)technology.Basedonarigoroustheoreticalanalysis,theproposedNHRdemonstratesthepotentialforintrinsicultra-widebanddifferential-mode(DM)andcommon-mode(CM)suppressionwithoutanyadditionalsuppressingstructures.Furthermore,theresonanceofNHRswasdeterminedbyfourdegreesoffreedom,providingflexibilityforminiaturization.TheoreticalextensionsoftheNth-ordertopologycanbeeasilyachievedbythesimplecouplingschemesthatoccurexclusivelybetweenSTLSs.Forverification,abalancedfiltercoveringthe5Gbandn78withanareaof0.065λg×0.072λgwasdesignedusingtheproposedoptimization-baseddesignprocedure.Anultra-lowinsertionlossof0.8dBwasobtained.Thequasi-fullCMstopbandwitha20dBrejectionlevelrangedfrom0to12.9GHz.Andtheultra-wideupperDMstopbandwitha20dBrejectionlevelrangedfrom4.4to11.5GHz.Goodreementbetweenthetheoretical,simulated,andmeasuredresultsindicatethevalidityoftheproposeddesignprinciple.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueMicrowe/Millimeter-WeIntegratedCircuitsandSystemsforWirelessCommunication)13pes,3701KiB OpenAccessArticleExperimentalStudyontheEffectsofDynamicHighWaterPressureontheDeformationCharacteristicsofLimestonebyDawenTan,HengCheng,ChunyaoHou,YananLei,ChenfangJiang,YuntianZhaoandHongyiZhangAppl.Sci.2025,15(1),42;doi.org/10.3390/app(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractDifficultyinclarifyingthedeformationcharacteristicsofdeeprocksunderahighwaterpressureenvironmentisatechnicalbottleneckrestrictingthesafeoperationoflargehydropowerstations.Inordertostudytheeffectofreservoirwaterlevelchangesonthemechanicalbehiorof[...]Readmore.Difficultyinclarifyingthedeformationcharacteristicsofdeeprocksunderahighwaterpressureenvironmentisatechnicalbottleneckrestrictingthesafeoperationoflargehydropowerstations.Inordertostudytheeffectofreservoirwaterlevelchangesonthemechanicalbehiorofdeeplimestone,aseriesofmechanicaltestswereconductedunderdifferentdynamichighwaterpressureenvironmentsusingaself-developedhydraulicloadingtestdevice.Thetestresultsshowthattheunsaturatedlimestonealwaysundergoescompressivedeformationduringthelinearincreaseinexternalwaterpressure,andthesaturatedlimestonechangesitsdeformationstatefromcompressiontoexpansionduringthelineardecreaseinexternalwaterpressure.Thestress–straincurveoflimestoneshowsapparenthysteresischaracteristicsduringthecyclicincreaseanddecreaseinexternalwaterpressure.Overall,therockstrainrateshowedasignificantnegativecorrelationwiththeexternalwaterpressure,andtherockdeformationmodulusshowedacertainpositivecorrelationwiththeexternalwaterpressure.Duringhydraulicloading,saturatedrockshadasmallerrangeofvariationinthestrainrateanddeformationmodulusandweremoreresistanttodeformationthanunsaturatedrocks.Limestonewassubjectedtobothexternalwaterpressureandinternalporewaterpressureinacycliccycle,whereporewaterpressurepromotesporecreationandexpansion,whileexternalwaterpressurepreventswaterfromdegradingtheporestructure.Theperiodicchangeofwaterpressurehasasignificantinfluenceonrockmechanicsanddeformationbehior,andtherockmasswillundergoelasticdeformation,plasticdeformation,andevenfracture.Furtherstudyofthisdeformationrulecanprovideamoreaccuratetheoreticalbasisforthesafeoperationofwaterconservancyprojects.Fullarticle9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure733pes,3678KiB OpenAccessArticleAStepTowardsNeuroplasticity:CapsuleNetworkswithSelf-BuildingSkipConnectionsbyNikolaiA.K.SteurandFriedhelmSchwenkerAI2025,6(1),1;doi.org/10.3390/ai-24Dec2024AbstractBackground:Integratingnonlinearbehiorintothearchitectureofartificialneuralnetworksisregardedasessentialrequirementtoconstitutetheireffectuallearningcapacityforsolvingcomplextasks.Thisclaimseemstobetrueformoderate-sizednetworks,i.e.,withalowerdouble-digitnumberoflayers.[...]Readmore.Background:Integratingnonlinearbehiorintothearchitectureofartificialneuralnetworksisregardedasessentialrequirementtoconstitutetheireffectuallearningcapacityforsolvingcomplextasks.Thisclaimseemstobetrueformoderate-sizednetworks,i.e.,withalowerdouble-digitnumberoflayers.However,goingdeeperwithneuralnetworksregularlyturnsintodestructivetendenciesofgradualperformancedegenerationduringtraining.Tocircumventthisdegradationproblem,theprominentneuralarchitecturesResidualNetworkandHighwayNetworkestablishskipconnectionswithadditiveidentitymappingsbetweenlayers.Methods:Inthiswork,weunifythemechanicsofbotharchitecturesintoCapsuleNetworks(CapsNet)sbyshowingtheirinherentabilitytolearnskipconnections.Asanecessaryprecondition,weintroducetheconceptofAdaptiveNonlinearityGates(ANG)swhichdynamicallysteerandlimittheuseofnonlinearprocessing.WeproposepracticalmethodsfortherealizationofANGsincludingbiasedbatchnormalization,theDoubly-ParametricReLU(D-PReLU)activationfunction,andGatedRouting(GR)dedicatedtoextremelydeepCapsNets.Results:OurcomprehensiveempiricalstudyusingMNISTsubstantiatestheeffectivenessofourdevelopedmethodsanddeliversvaluableinsightsforthetrainingofverydeepnetsofanykind.ThefinalexperimentsonFashion-MNISTandSVHNdemonstratethepotentialofpurecapsule-drivennetworkswithGR.Fullarticle9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---FigureA1---FigureA2---FigureA313pes,721KiB OpenAccessReviewGlycatedHaemoglobin(HbA1C)inCardiacSurgery:ANarrativeReviewbySuviteshLuthra,LauraViola,ManorajNaratnarajah,DidThirukumaranandTheodoreVelissarisJ.Clin.Med.2025,14(1),23;doi.org/10.3390/jcm(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractBackground:Perioperativedysglycaemiaincardiacsurgeryisassociatedwithpooroutcomes.GlycaemicvariabilityratherthanglucoselevelsisapredictorofthelengthofanICUstay,ariseincreatinineandacutekidneyinjuryaftercardiacsurgery.Glycatedhaemoglobin(HbA1C)[...]Readmore.Background:Perioperativedysglycaemiaincardiacsurgeryisassociatedwithpooroutcomes.GlycaemicvariabilityratherthanglucoselevelsisapredictorofthelengthofanICUstay,ariseincreatinineandacutekidneyinjuryaftercardiacsurgery.Glycatedhaemoglobin(HbA1C)valuescorrespondcloselytoerebloodglucoselevelsandcut-offvaluescanbeusedtodefineadiabeticandpre-diabeticstatus.Thesehebeencorrelatedwithperioperativeevents.Methods:Inthisnarrativereview,MEDLINE(viaPubMed)andtheCochraneLibrarywereusedtosearchfortheeffectsofdifferentpreoperativeHbA1Clevelsonthepostoperativeoutcomesaftercardiacsurgery.HbA1Cvaluescorrespondcloselywitherebloodglucoselevelsandcut-offvaluescanbeusedtodefineadiabeticandpre-diabeticstatus;thesehebeencorrelatedwithperioperativeevents.ThisnarrativereviewdiscussestheroleofHbA1Cincardiacsurgery.Discussion:Thescientificdatashowcontroversialresults:somesystematicreviewsandrandomisedcontroltrialsdemonstratedthatahighlevelofHbA1Cseemstobeanindicatorforpostoperativecomplicationsincardiacsurgery;otherstudiesdissentedandreportedthatmortalityandmorbiditycannotbedirectlyattributedtoHbA1clevels.Conclusions:ThescientificcommunityseemstobeingeneralreementthathighlevelsofHbA1Careprognosticmarkersofadverseoutcomespostcardiacsurgery,butithasalsobeenprovedthattherecouldbemultipleunderlyingfactorscontributingtothem.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueClinicalGuidelinesinMitralandTricuspidValveSurgery)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure128pes,5584KiB OpenAccessArticleIntegratingKnowledgeGraphsandDigitalTwinsforHeriteBuildingConservationbyHaidarHosamoandSilviaMazzettoBuildings2025,15(1),16;doi.org/10.3390/buildings(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractThisstudypresentsaframeworkforintegratingdigitaltwinsandknowledgegraphstoenhanceheritebuildingconservation,addressingchallengesinenvironmentalstressmanement,materialdegradation,andstructuralintegritywhilepreservinghistoricalauthenticity.Usingvalidatedsyntheticdata,theframeworkenablesreal-timemonitoring,predictivemaintenance,[...]Readmore.Thisstudypresentsaframeworkforintegratingdigitaltwinsandknowledgegraphstoenhanceheritebuildingconservation,addressingchallengesinenvironmentalstressmanement,materialdegradation,andstructuralintegritywhilepreservinghistoricalauthenticity.Usingvalidatedsyntheticdata,theframeworkenablesreal-timemonitoring,predictivemaintenance,andemergencyresponsethroughadigitaltwinconnectedtoaknowledgegraph.Fourscenariosweresimulatedtoevaluatesystemperformance:highhumidityexceedinga75%thresholdtriggeredalertsforlimestonemaintenance;temperaturefluctuationscausedstrainlevelsupto0.009unitsinload-bearingcomponentsat35°C,necessitatingstructuralinspection;cumulativedegradationmonitoringprojectedre-plasteringneedsbymontheightastheplasterdegradationindexapproached85%;andsuddenimpacteventssimulatedemergencyresponses,withstrainspikesover0.004unitspromptingreal-timealertswithin2.5s.Responsetimesered50msundernormalconditions,peakingat150msduringhigh-frequencyupdates,showingrobustApplicationProgrammingInterface(API)performanceanddatasynchronization.SPARQL(SPARQLProtocolandRDFQueryLangue)querieswithintheknowledgegraphfacilitatedproactivemaintenancescheduling,reducingreactiveinterventionsandsupportingsustainableheriteconservation,especiallysuitedtohumid–temperateclimates.Thisframeworkoffersanovel,structuredapproachthatbridgesmoderntechnologywithheritepreservationneeds,addressingbothurgentconservationchallengesandlong-termsustainabilitytoensuretheresilienceofheritebuildings.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionBuildingMaterials,andRepair&Renovation)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure13---Figure14---Figure15---Figure1621pes,1067KiB OpenAccessArticleAssessingtheCircularEconomyinRegionsofChilebyUsingMultiple-CriteriaDecision-Making(MCDM)byHosseinKomasi,AmirKarbassiYazdi,MohammadEskandariSaniandYongTanSustainability2025,17(1),23;doi.org/10.3390/su(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractThecirculareconomyhasgainedsignificantglobalattention,particularlyindevelopedcountries,asanoveleconomicmodeltoreducewasteandoptimizeresourceutilization.ThisstudyassessesthecapacityofChileanregionstoadoptthecirculareconomymodel.SixChileanregionswereselected[...]Readmore.Thecirculareconomyhasgainedsignificantglobalattention,particularlyindevelopedcountries,asanoveleconomicmodeltoreducewasteandoptimizeresourceutilization.ThisstudyassessesthecapacityofChileanregionstoadoptthecirculareconomymodel.SixChileanregionswereselectedforthispurpose.Theresearchprocessiscarriedoutandemploysadescriptive–analyticalapproach,conductingacomparativeanalysisofthesixregionsbasedonninewaste-relatedindicators.TheRankAlternativebyFractionalSeparationofIdealSolutions(RAFSI)method,amulti-criteriadecision-making(MCDM)technique,wasusedwithtrapezoidalfuzzynumbersfordataanalysis.Asensitivityanalysiswasemployedtoensuretherobustnessoftheresultsanddeterminetherangeofvariationandflexibilityofthemodel.ThefindingsindicatethattheAntofastaregionrankedfirstbasedontheresearchindicators,followedbyCoquimbo,AricayParinacota,Valparaíso,Atacama,andTarapacá.TheseresultshighlightsignificantdisparitiesintheperformanceofChile’snorthernregions,emphasizingthekeyfactorsinfluencingcirculareconomyadoption.Thisunderscoresthecrucialneedforregion-specificstrategiestoenhancesustainabilityandwastemanement,asonesizedoesnotfitallinthiscontext.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionWasteandRecycling)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure39pes,1960KiB OpenAccessArticleCanCryptogonimidsoftheSameGenusInfluenceEachOther’sLevelofGeneticVariation?byEkaterinaS.Tokarskaya,YuliaV.Tatonova,HaneefAhmedAmissah,PolinaG.ShumenkoandMikhailYu.ShchelkanovBiology2025,14(1),6;doi.org/10.3390/biology(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractTrematodesofthegenusExorchisareparasitesthatarecommoninEastandSoutheastAsia.Theseparasitesareknowntoinfectfish,thusimpactingaquaculturesignificantly.Anintrospectionintothedynamicsofinfectionoftheseparasiteshasrevealedpossibleco-infectioninsharedhosts.[...]Readmore.TrematodesofthegenusExorchisareparasitesthatarecommoninEastandSoutheastAsia.Theseparasitesareknowntoinfectfish,thusimpactingaquaculturesignificantly.Anintrospectionintothedynamicsofinfectionoftheseparasiteshasrevealedpossibleco-infectioninsharedhosts.Butdataonthedynamicsoftheirsharedhostontheirpopulationstructureandgeneticvariabilityislacking.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatetheintraspecificstructureoftheExorchisspecies,Exorchisoviformis,andE.convictus,bothofwhichcoexistinthesamedefinitivehost.Byusingpartialgenesequencesofthemitochondrialcox1gene(715bp),including30newlyobtainedsequencesfromthesouthernpartoftheRussianFarEast,wefoundalowlevelofgeneticvariationinbothspecies,consistentwithpreviousfindingsofothertrematodesfromthesameregion.Wehypothesizethattheobservedlowvariabilitycouldbeattributabletotheprocessofhostinfectionandtransmissionandabioticfactorsinfluencingarecentdeclineinhostvariabilityandabundance.Thisisdrivingastrongselectionpressureduetothelimitednumberofparasitesreachingthedefinitivehost.This,amongotherfactors,couldpossiblyimpactthelong-termsurvivalandadaptabilityofExorchisandothertrematodesatlargeintheregion.However,wealsobelievethattheremaybeachancethatthesecloselyrelatedspeciescouldexertaninfluenceoneachother’sgeneticdiversity,potentiallylimitingthevariationwithineachspecies.Touncoverthedynamicsdrivingtheseobservations,weproposetheapproachofexpandingsampling,broadergeneticmarkeranalyses,andinvestigationsofvariedhostpopulationsthatcouldelucidatethecomplexitiesoftheExorchisspeciesgeneticvariabilityandevolutionarydynamics.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionGeneticsandGenomics)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure315pes,6327KiB OpenAccessArticleBiodiversityofNon-ApisBees(Hymenoptera:Apoidea)inthePotoharRegionofPakistanbySumeraAslam,MuhammadNaeem,SabirHussain,MaryamRiasat,MuhammadAtherRafi,AhmedZia,MuhammadKhalidRafique,NawazHaiderBashirandHuanhuanChenDiversity2025,17(1),4;doi.org/10.3390/d(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractBeesareessentialforprovidingecosystemservicessuchaspollinationtomanycropsworldwide.However,thereisgrowingconcernoverthedeclineofbeepopulations,whichthreatensriculturalproductivity.Despitetheknownimportanceofbees,includingnon-Apisbees,incroppollination,theirdiversity[...]Readmore.Beesareessentialforprovidingecosystemservicessuchaspollinationtomanycropsworldwide.However,thereisgrowingconcernoverthedeclineofbeepopulations,whichthreatensriculturalproductivity.Despitetheknownimportanceofbees,includingnon-Apisbees,incroppollination,theirdiversityanddistributionremainunderstudiedinthePotoharregionofPakistan.Thecurrentstudyaddressesthisgapbyassessingthebiodiversityofnon-ApisbeesacrossfivedistrictsofthePotoharregion,Pakistan:Attock,Chakwal,Jhelum,Rawalpindi,andIslamabad.Theobjectivewastoevaluatethespeciesrichness,diversity,andevennessusingvariousrichnessanddiversityindices.Atotalof2005specimens,representing27speciesfrom13generaandfivefamilies(Apidae,Halictidae,Colletidae,Megachilidae,andAndrenidae),werecollectedover24surveysconductedbetween2012and2015.Tworichnessindices,Shannon’sSpeciesRichnessIndexandMargalef’sRichnessIndex,showedmoderatetohighspeciesrichnessacrosslocalities,withvaluesrangingfrom2.378to4.186and1.508to2.711,respectively.Simpson’sIndexandSimpson’sReciprocalIndexexhibiteddominanceandhighdiversityacrosssites,withvaluesrangingfrom0.094to0.880and4.446to11.315,respectively.Additionally,theShannon–WienerandShannonEquitabilityindicesindicatedfairlyevenspeciesdistributionsacrosslocalities.Acorrelationanalysisrevealedstrongpositiverelationshipsbetweenmostindices,exceptforSimpson’sReciprocalIndex,whichshowednegativecorrelationswiththeotherindices.Thesefindingsprovidecrucialinsightsintothebiodiversityofnon-ApisbeesinthePotoharregionandunderscoretheimportanceofmaintainingdiversepollinatorcommunitiestosupportsustainablericultureinthearea.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssue15thAnniversaryofDiversity—Biodiversity,ConservationandEcologyofAnimals,PlantsandMicroorganisms)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,275KiB)13pes,743KiB OpenAccessArticleExplainableMachineLearning-BasedApproachtoIdentifyPeopleatRiskofDiabetesUsingPhysicalActivityMonitoringbySimonLebechCichosz,ClaraBenderandOleHejlesenBioMedInformatics2025,5(1),1;doi.org/10.3390/biomedinformatics(registering DOI)-24Dec2024AbstractObjective:Thisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheutilizationofpatternsderivedfromphysicalactivitymonitoring(PAM)fortheidentificationofindividualsatriskoftype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM)throughanat-homescreeningapproachemployingmachinelearningtechniques.Methods:Datafromthe2011–2014[...]Readmore.Objective:Thisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheutilizationofpatternsderivedfromphysicalactivitymonitoring(PAM)fortheidentificationofindividualsatriskoftype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM)throughanat-homescreeningapproachemployingmachinelearningtechniques.Methods:Datafromthe2011–2014NationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey(NHANES)werescrutinized,focusingonthePAMcomponent.Theprimaryobjectiveinvolvedtheidentificationofdiabetes,characterizedbyanHbA1c≥6.5%(48mmol/mol),whilethesecondaryobjectiveincludedindividualswithprediabetes,definedbyanHbA1c≥5.7%(39mmol/mol).FeaturesderivedfromPAM,alongwithe,wereutilizedasinputsforanXGBoostclassificationmodel.SHapleyAdditiveexPlanations(SHAP)wasemployedtoenhancetheinterpretabilityofthemodels.Results:Thestudyincluded7532subjectswithbothPAMandHbA1cdata.Themodel,whichsolelyincludedPAMfeatures,hadatestdatasetROC-AUCof0.74(95%CI=0.72–0.76).WhenintegratingthePAMfeatureswithe,themodel’sROC-AUCincreasedto0.79(95%CI=0.78–0.80)inthetestdataset.Whenaddressingthesecondarytargetofprediabetes,theXGBoostmodelexhibitedatestdatasetROC-AUCof0.80[95%CI;0.79–0.81].Conclusions:TheobjectivequantificationofphysicalactivitythroughPAMyieldsvaluableinformationthatcanbeemployedintheidentificationofindividualswithundinoseddiabetesandprediabetes.Fullarticle9658;9660;ShowFiguresGraphicalabstract25pes,8550KiB OpenAccessArticlePotentialMechanismsandEffectsofDaiBaiJieEthanolExtractinPreventingAcuteAlcoholicLiverInjurybyNiantongXia,HongweiXue,YihangLi,JiaLiu,YangLou,ShuyangLi,YutianWang,JuanLuandXiChenCurr.IssuesMol.Biol.2025,47(1),3;doi.org/10.3390/cimb-24Dec2024AbstractThisstudyinvestigatedtheprotectiveeffectofDaiBaiJie(DBJ)extractainstacutealcoholicliverinjury(AALI)andelucidateditspotentialmechanism.ThetotalsaponinlevelintheDBJextractswasmeasuredusingvanillin–chloroformacidcolorimetry.Toobservethepreventiveandprotective[...]Readmore.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheprotectiveeffectofDaiBaiJie(DBJ)extractainstacutealcoholicliverinjury(AALI)andelucidateditspotentialmechanism.ThetotalsaponinlevelintheDBJextractswasmeasuredusingvanillin–chloroformacidcolorimetry.ToobservethepreventiveandprotectiveeffectsofDBJonAML-12cellsinanethanolenvironment,theeffectivecomponentsofDBJwereidentified.Analcohol-inducedAALImousemodelwasusedtoevaluatetheefficacyofDBJainstAALI.Forthispurpose,alcoholdehydrogenase(ADH)andacetaldehydedehydrogenase(ALDH)levelswereassessed,liverfunctionindicesandoxidativeandinflammatorymarkersweredetermined,andhistopathologicalexaminationswereperformed.MechanisticinvestigationswereconductedusingRT-qPCRassaysandimmunohistochemicalanalysistodeterminetheprotectiveeffectsofDBJ.Thesamples(DBJ-1,DBJ-2,andDBJ-3)wereobtainedbyextractingDBJwithwater,50%ethanol,and95%ethanol,yieldingtotalsaponincontentsof5.35%,6.64%,and11.83%,respectively.DBJ-3wasisolatedandpurified,anditscomponentswereidentifiedbyUltraPerformanceLiquidChromatography-MassSpectrometry(UPLC-MS).DBJ-3hadthegreatesteffectoncellviabilityinanethanolenvironment.Moreover,DBJ-3reducedinflammatoryinfiltration,livercelldegeneration,andhemorrhe,whileincreasingADHandALDHlevelsinlivertissues.Additionally,DBJ-3considerablydecreasedtheserumalanineaminotransferase(ALT),aspartateaminotransferase(AST),totalcholesterol(TC),andtriglyceride(TG)levels.DBJ-3reducedmalondialdehyde(MDA),reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS),andinflammatoryfactors,suchastumornecrosisfactor(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),andinterleukin6(IL-6),whileincreasingsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andglutathioneS-transferase(GST)activities.Furthermore,DBJ-3significantlyincreasedalcoholdehydrogenase1b(ADH1B)andaldehydedehydrogenase2(ALDH2)expressionatthegeneandproteinlevelswithinalcoholmetabolismpathwaysandreducedthenuclearfactorkappa-B(NF-κB)geneandproteinlevels.ThesefindingssuggestthatDBJ-3canpreventAALIbyenhancingalcoholmetabolismviatheregulationofADH1BandALDH2andthemodulationoftheNF-κBpathwaytoimproveantioxidantandanti-inflammatoryeffects.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueBiochemicalCompositionandActivityofMedicinalPlantsandFood)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure13---Figure1422pes,1332KiB OpenAccessArticleImpactofMetabolicStatesonSARS-CoV-2VaccineResponsesinMouseModelsofObesityandDiabetesbyOliviaA.Smith,BrentFujimoto,TeriAnnS.Wong,AlbertTo,TroyOdo,AquenaBall,BrienK.Haun,HiromiMuramatsu,YingKTam,NorbertPardiandAxelT.LehrerCOVID2025,5(1),2;doi.org/10.3390/covid-24Dec2024AbstractTheemergenceofSARS-CoV-2hasresultedinasignificantimpactonpublichealth,particularlyforindividualswithunderlyinghealthconditionssuchasobesityanddiabetes.Whilevaccinationeffortsheplayedacrucialroleinreducinghospitalizations,itremainsunclearwhethertheeffectivenessof[...]Readmore.TheemergenceofSARS-CoV-2hasresultedinasignificantimpactonpublichealth,particularlyforindividualswithunderlyinghealthconditionssuchasobesityanddiabetes.Whilevaccinationeffortsheplayedacrucialroleinreducinghospitalizations,itremainsunclearwhethertheeffectivenessofthesevaccinesvariesamongdifferentpopulationgroups.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheimmuneresponsesgeneratedbyvariousSARS-CoV-2vaccineplatformsinmousemodelswithobesityanddiabetes,focusingonbothcell-mediatedandhumoralimmuneresponses.Ourfindingsrevealeddiminishedimmuneresponsesindiabeticandobesemicecomparedtohealthycounterparts.AftervaccinationwithadjuvantedsubunitormRNAlipidnanoparticle(LNP)vaccines,bothhumoralandcell-mediatedresponsesweresignificantlyreducedindiabeticmice.Obesemicealsoexhibiteddecreasedimmunogenicity,albeittoalesserextent.However,itshouldbenotedthatmRNAvaccinesdemonstratedstrongneutralizingresponsesacrossallmetabolicstates,whileadjuvantedsubunitvaccineselicitedhigherantibodyidityinmicewithtype2diabetes(T2D)andobesitycomparedtohealthymice.Theseresultssuggestthattheimpairedhumoralandcell-mediatedresponsesobservedinalteredmetabolicstatesmaybelinkedtochronicinflammationassociatedwithobesityandsuboptimalglycemiccontrolindiabetes.Understandingtheimpactofthesemetabolicdisturbancesonvaccineimmunogenicityiscrucialfordevelopingoptimizedvaccinesthatcaneffectivelyenhanceimmuneresponsesandprovidelong-lastingprotectionainstSARS-CoV-2,eveninindividualswithobesityanddiabetes.Bycontributingthesefindings,wesupporteffortstoimprovevaccineefficacyinpopulationsaffectedbymetabolicdisorders,advancingeffectiveimmunizationainstSARS-CoV-2.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionHumanorAnimalCoroniruses)13pes,1293KiB OpenAccessArticleReal-WorldCharacterizationofToxicitiesandMedicationManementinRecipientsofCART-CellTherapyforRelapsedorRefractoryLargeB-CellLymphomainNovaScotia,CanadabyJennaShaw,MahmoudElsawy,RachelNielsen,AmyeMichelleHarrigan,TaraT.DiCostanzoandLauraV.MinardCurr.Oncol.2025,32(1),2;doi.org/10.3390/curroncol-24Dec2024AbstractNovaScotia(NS)beganofferingCART-celltherapyasathird-linestandardofcareforeligiblepatientswithrelapsedorrefractorylargeB-celllymphoma(r/rLBCL)in2022.RecipientsofCART-celltherapyoftenexperienceacutetoxicities,includingcytokinereleasesyndrome(CRS)and[...]Readmore.NovaScotia(NS)beganofferingCART-celltherapyasathird-linestandardofcareforeligiblepatientswithrelapsedorrefractorylargeB-celllymphoma(r/rLBCL)in2022.RecipientsofCART-celltherapyoftenexperienceacutetoxicities,includingcytokinereleasesyndrome(CRS)andimmuneeffectorcell-associatedneurotoxicitysyndrome(ICANS),whichrequireclosemonitoringandpromptmanement.Thisretrospectivereviewaimedtodescribethecharacteristicsofadultpatientswithr/rLBCLdeemedeligibletoreceiveCART-celltherapywithaxicabteneciloleucelinNSbetweenJanuary2022andJune2024,thetoxicitiesexperiencedandtoxicitymanement,hospitalvisitsandintensivecareunit(ICU)admissions,theutilizationoftoxicitymanementguidelines,andgeneralefficacyoutcomes.Twenty-sevenpatientsreceivedaxicabteneciloleucel.AllpatientsexperiencedCRS(7.4%grade≥3),and55.6%developedICANS(25.9%grade≥3).Themedianhospitalstaywas18days,with40.7%requiringICUadmission.Therewasonetreatment-relatedmortality.MostCRS(85.2%)andICANS(80.0%)casesweremanedaccordingtotheguidelines.Byday+100,thebestobjectiveresponseratewas81.5%(44.4%completeresponses).PatientswhoreceivedCART-celltherapyinNS,Canada,experiencedcomparabletoxicitiesandefficacytothosereportedinpivotalclinicaltrialsandotherreal-worldexperiences.Fullarticle17pes,588KiB OpenAccessArticle‘ChangingtheFocus’:Co-DesignofaNovelApproachforEngingPeoplewithDementiainPhysicalActivitybyClaudiaMeyer,Den-ChingA.Lee,MicheleCallisaya,MorE.Taylor,KatherineLawler,PazitLevinger,SusanHunter,DawnC.Mackey,ElissaBurton,NatashaBrusco,TerryHaines,ChristinaL.Ekegren,AmeliaCrabtreeandKeithD.HillNurs.Rep.2025,15(1),2;doi.org/10.3390/nursrep-24Dec2024AbstractBackground:Promotingphysicalactivityamongpeoplelivingwithdementiaiscriticaltomaximisephysical,cognitiveandsocialbenefits;yetthelackofknowledge,skillsandconfidenceamonghealthprofessionals,informalcarepartnersandpeoplewithdementiadetersparticipation.Astheinitialphaseof[...]Readmore.Background:Promotingphysicalactivityamongpeoplelivingwithdementiaiscriticaltomaximisephysical,cognitiveandsocialbenefits;yetthelackofknowledge,skillsandconfidenceamonghealthprofessionals,informalcarepartnersandpeoplewithdementiadetersparticipation.Astheinitialphaseofalargerfeasibilitystudy,co-designwasemployedtodevelopanewmodelofcommunitycare,‘ChangingtheFocus’,tofacilitatethephysicalactivityparticipationofolderpeoplelivingwithmilddementia.Methods:Co-designmethodologywasutilisedwithninestakeholders(withexperienceinreferringtoorprovidingphysicalactivityprogramsand/orcontributingtopolicyandprogramplanning)overthreeworkshopsplusindividualinterviewswithfourcarepartnersofpeoplewithdementia.Insightsweregatheredonthephysicalactivityforpeoplewithmilddementia,referralpathwayswereexploredand‘personas’weredevelopedandrefined.Materialsandresourcestosupportexerciseprovidersandreferrerstoworkeffectivelywithpeoplewithmilddementiawerefinalised.Results:Three‘personas’emergedfromtheco-designsessions,alignedwithstesofbehiourchange:(1)hesitanttoenge;(2)preparingtoenge;and(3)activelyenged.Referralpathwaydiscussionsidentifiedchallengesrelatedtolimitedresources,limitedknowledge,accessconstraintsandindividualfactors.Opportunitieswereclassifiedasusingchampions,streamliningprocesses,recognisingtriggersfordisengement,influencingbeliefsandattitudes,andmeansofcommunication.Conclusion:Thisstudycapturedtheviewsofphysicalactivityreferrersandprovidersandinformalcarepartnersinaninclusiveanditerativemanner.Theuseofco-designensuredarobustapproachtofacilitatingparticipationinformalandinformalphysicalactivityoptionsforpeoplelivingwithmilddementia.Thisstudyhasprovidedthenecessaryframeworkfromwhichtodevelopandtesttrainingandresourcesforthenextsteofintervention(afeasibilitytrial)toimprovephysicalactivityparticipationforpeoplewithdementia.Fullarticle9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,1460KiB)16pes,1074KiB OpenAccessArticleLowTemperatureSynthesisof3dMetal(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)-DopedTiO2PhotocatalystviaLiquidPhaseDepositionTechniquebyMitsuhiroHonda,YusakuYoshii,NobuchikaOkayamaandYoIchikawaSustain.Chem.2025,6(1),1;doi.org/10.3390/suschem-24Dec2024AbstractThetitaniumdioxide(TiO2)photocatalystisanimportantsemiconductingmaterialthatexhibitsenvironmentalpurificationfunctionswhenexposedtolight.ElementaldopingofTiO2isconsideredanimportantstrategytoimproveitsphotocatalyticactivity.Herein,weheachievedthelow-temperature,atmospheric-pressure[...]Readmore.Thetitaniumdioxide(TiO2)photocatalystisanimportantsemiconductingmaterialthatexhibitsenvironmentalpurificationfunctionswhenexposedtolight.ElementaldopingofTiO2isconsideredanimportantstrategytoimproveitsphotocatalyticactivity.Herein,weheachievedthelow-temperature,atmospheric-pressuresynthesisofanataseTiO2particleswithdopingof3dmetals(Fe,Co,NiandCu)basedontheliquidphasedepositiontechnique.Allproductspreparedbyadding3dmetalswerefoundtoconsistofTiO2crystalsintheanatasephasewithafineprotrudingstructureofabout40nmonthesurface,aswasthecasewithouttheadditionofmetalions.Ironandcopperwereobservedtobeincorporatedathigherconcentrationsthancobaltandnickel,withanelementaladditionofupto4at%and1at%,respectively,when10mMironandcoppernitratewereapplied.Suchdopingefficiencycouldbeexplainedbythedifferenceinionicradiusandchemicalstability.Anarrowingoftheopticalbandgapwithdopingelementswasalsoobserved,anditwasfoundthatopticalsensitivitycouldbeimparteddowntothevisible-lightregionof2.4eV(Fe:4at%addition).Furthermore,the3dmetal-dopedTiO2demonstratedinthisstudywasshowntoexhibitphotocatalyticmethanedegradationactivity.Theamountofmethanedegradationperunitareaofthemicroparticleswastwiceasgreatwhenironandcopperwereadded,comparedtotheundopedcounterpart.IthasbeendemonstratedthatthestrategyofdopingTiO2with3dmetalionsbylow-temperaturesynthesismethodsiseffectiveinenhancingcarrierdynamicsandintroducingsurfaceactivesites,thusincreasingmethanedegradationactivity.Fullarticle11pes,3943KiB OpenAccessCaseReportBouveret’sSyndromeasaRareLife-ThreateningComplicationofGallstoneDisease—ASurgicalProblem:TwoCaseReportsbyNebojsaS.Ignjatovic,IlijaD.Golubovic,MiodrN.Djordjevic,MarkoM.Stojanovic,DanielaA.BenedetoStojanov,JelenaS.Ignjatovic,JelenaD.ZivadinovicandSonjaGolubovicMedicina2025,61(1),5;doi.org/10.3390/medicina-24Dec2024AbstractIntroduction:Bouveretsyndrome,arareandoftenunderdinosedvariantofgallstoneileus,ischaracterizedbythepresenceofalargegallstoneimpactedintheproximalduodenum,resultinginsignificantgastricoutletobstructionandaerobilia.EarlyidentificationofBouveretsyndromeiscrucialfor[...]Readmore.Introduction:Bouveretsyndrome,arareandoftenunderdinosedvariantofgallstoneileus,ischaracterizedbythepresenceofalargegallstoneimpactedintheproximalduodenum,resultinginsignificantgastricoutletobstructionandaerobilia.EarlyidentificationofBouveretsyndromeiscrucialfordevelopinganappropriatesurgicalstrategy.Case1:A76-year-oldfemaleunderwentacontrast-enhancedabdominalCTscan,whichrevealedacholecysto-duodenalfistulawitha3.9cm×4.0cm×4.0cmgallstonelocatedintheproximalduodenum,alongwithadistended,fluid-filledstomachandaerobilia.Intraoperatively,duetochronicinflammationandadhesionbetweenthegallbladderandduodenum,acholecystectomyandfistularepairwereperformed.Case2:A72-year-oldfemalepresentedwithagastroduodenalpasseobstructionconfirmedbyiming,whichidentifiedaduodeno-biliaryfistula.TheradiologicalexaminationshowedovalfillingdefectsintheduodenalbulbconsistentwithBouveret’ssyndrome,withthelargeststonemeasuringapproximately6cmindiameter.Anenterotomywasperformedforstoneextractionandwasfollowedbycholecystectomyandduodenalrepairwithomentoplasty.Conclusions:Bouveret’ssyndromeisararebutclinicallysignificantconditionthatshouldbeconsideredinpatientspresentingwithsignsofuppergastrointestinalobstruction,particularlyinthosewithahistoryofchroniccholelithiasis.Earlyrecognitionandpromptsurgicalinterventionareessentialforobtainingoptimalpatientoutcomes.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueDinosisandManementChallengesinDifficultSurgicalCases)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure827pes,608KiB OpenAccessArticleAutonomousVehicleAcceptanceinChina:TAM-BasedComparisonofCivilianandMilitaryContextsbyDanWanandLingPengWorldElectr.Veh.J.2025,16(1),2;doi.org/10.3390/wevj-24Dec2024AbstractInthisstudy,acomparativeanalysisisconductedonthepublicacceptanceofautonomousvehicles(s)incivilianandmilitarycontextsamongtheChinesepublic.Inordertoidentifythekeyfactorsinfluencingadoptionunderdifferentscenarios,aTechnologyAcceptanceModel(TAM)[...]Readmore.Inthisstudy,acomparativeanalysisisconductedonthepublicacceptanceofautonomousvehicles(s)incivilianandmilitarycontextsamongtheChinesepublic.Inordertoidentifythekeyfactorsinfluencingadoptionunderdifferentscenarios,aTechnologyAcceptanceModel(TAM)frameworkwasappliedincombinationwithanextendedvariableofperceivedrisk.Also,astructuredquestionnairewasdesigned,with1004validresponsesreceivedfromasamplecomprisingmainlymembersoftheChinesepubliced31–50.Dataanalysiswasconductedthroughreliabilityandvaliditytests,correlationanalysis,andStructuralEquationModeling(SEM).Despitesomeslightvariationsinacceptancelevelbetweencivilianandmilitaryfields,overallpublicattitudesarerelativelyconsistent,accordingtotheanalyticalresults.Specifically,theerebehioralintentionisslightlystrongerandmoreconsistentamongthepublicintheciviliancontext,withhigherscoresachievedwithrespecttoperceivedusefulnessandperceivedriskinthemilitarycontext,indicatingastrongeremphasisonfunctionalityandsafetyinmilitaryapplications.AsconfirmedbySEMpathanalysis,therearesignificantinfluencesexertedonbehioralintentionbyperceivedusefulness,perceivedeaseofuse,andsatisfaction.TheseresultsdemonstrateahighlevelofpublicacceptanceoftechnologyamongtheChinesepublicinthecontextofpolicysupportandtechnologicalinnovation,providingempiricalinsightsintothedevelopmentofscenario-specificpromotionstrategiesfortheeffectiveapplicationofinvarioussettings.Fullarticle14pes,2504KiB OpenAccessReviewAnalysisofSeedVigorUsingtheBiospeckleLaserTechniquebyRobertoA.Bra,Jr.,JoséLuísContado,KarinaRenostroDucattiandEdvaldoA.AmaraldaSilvariEngineering2025,7(1),3;doi.org/10.3390/riengineering-24Dec2024AbstractSeedanalysisisacornerstoneinadvancingriculture,withvigortestsplayingacriticalroleinevaluatingthephysiologicalqualityofseeds.However,monitoringseedvigorovertimeposesasignificantchallengefortheseedindustry,astraditionalmethodsaretime-consumingandheily[...]Readmore.Seedanalysisisacornerstoneinadvancingriculture,withvigortestsplayingacriticalroleinevaluatingthephysiologicalqualityofseeds.However,monitoringseedvigorovertimeposesasignificantchallengefortheseedindustry,astraditionalmethodsaretime-consumingandheilyreliantonsubjectivehumanjudgment.Concerningtheselimitations,optical-basedtechniquesheemergedaspromisingalternatives.Amongthem,thebiologicallaserspecklephenomenon,rootedinopticalinterferometry,hasproveneffectiveinsensitivelydetectingandmonitoringactivitylevelsinlivingtissues.Knownasthebiospecklelaser(BSL)technique,thisapproachoffersreliableresultsinassessingseedvigor.TheBSLtechniquestandsoutduetoitssimplicity,rapidanalysis,objectivity,andpotentialforautomation,makingitavaluabletoolforseedanalysis.Thispaperexploresthestate-of-the-artapplicationoftheBSLtechniqueforevaluatingseedvigor,highlightingsuccessfulapproaches,identifyingcurrentchallenges,andoutliningareasforfutureresearch.Itdelvesintotheexperimentalsetupforseedilluminationanddiscussestheassociatedimeprocessingmethods.Furthermore,thepaperexaminesthenumericalandgraphicaloutcomes,underscoringtheBSLtechnique’sabilitytocarryoutseedanalysisbyaddressingthelimitationsoftraditionalmethodsandenhancingefficiencyinthericulturalsector.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionPreandPost-HarvestEngineeringinriculture)9658;9660;ShowFiguresGraphicalabstractFigure1---Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,163KiB)15pes,946KiB OpenAccessArticleFireCarbonCycleResearchIsontheRise:ABibliometricAnalysisfrom1989–2023byDiWang,SiquanYang,QichaoYao,WeikangZhang,ZhaogangLiu,YanyanPeiandFenglinZuoFire2025,8(1),4;doi.org/10.3390/fire-24Dec2024AbstractUnderstandinghowfiresimpactthecarboncycleiscrucialfordevelopingeffectiveclimatechangeadaptationandmitigationstrategies.Althoughthereisasubstantialglobalbodyofresearchonfirecarboncycle(FCC),therearerelativelyfewstudiesofferinggraphicalandquantitativeanalyses.To[...]Readmore.Understandinghowfiresimpactthecarboncycleiscrucialfordevelopingeffectiveclimatechangeadaptationandmitigationstrategies.Althoughthereisasubstantialglobalbodyofresearchonfirecarboncycle(FCC),therearerelativelyfewstudiesofferinggraphicalandquantitativeanalyses.ToassessthetrendsinFCCresearchfrom1989to2023,weperformedabibliometricanalysisusingtheScienceCitationIndex—Expandeddatabase.Atotalof2408publicationswereanalyzedinthisstudy.Theresultsrevealedthatfrom1989to2023,thequantityofpublicationsinthefieldofFCCstudiesincreasedsignificantly.However,theerenumberofcitationsperpaperperyearfirstincreasedrapidly,followedbyaslowincrease,andthenadecline.Thetop10institutionscontributingtoFCCresearchwerepredominantlybasedintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom,withthesecountriesalsoleadinginthenumberofpublicationsandcitations.Beyondthekeywords“fire”and“carbon”usedincollectingliterature,“climate-change”and“dynamic”werethetoptwomostprominentresearchfocuses.Thetopicofresearchhasshiftedfrom1989to2023.Climate,vegetation,andemissionswerethebasicthemes,whichwereimportantbutnotwelldeveloped,andwillbethefocusoffutureresearch.Alongwithclimatechange,researchwillfocusmoreandmoreonfireemissionsandmodeling.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueEffectsofClimateChangeonFireDanger)26pes,2100KiB OpenAccessReviewRNAMetabolismandtheRoleofSmallRNAsinRegulatingMultipleAspectsofRNAMetabolismbyPranDawar,IndraAdhikari,SwarupaNandaMandalandBhumikaJayeeNon-CodingRNA2025,11(1),1;doi.org/10.3390/ncrna-24Dec2024AbstractRNAmetabolismisfocusedonRNAmoleculesandencompassesallthecrucialprocessesanRNAmoleculemayorwillundergothroughoutitslifecycle.Itisanessentialcellularprocessthatallowsallcellstofunctioneffectively.Thetranscriptomiclandscapeofacell[...]Readmore.RNAmetabolismisfocusedonRNAmoleculesandencompassesallthecrucialprocessesanRNAmoleculemayorwillundergothroughoutitslifecycle.Itisanessentialcellularprocessthatallowsallcellstofunctioneffectively.ThetranscriptomiclandscapeofacellisshapedbytheprocessessuchasRNAbiosynthesis,maturation(RNAprocessing,folding,andmodification),intra-andinter-cellulartransport,transcriptionalandpost-transcriptionalregulation,modification,catabolicdecay,andretrogradesignaling,allofwhichareinterconnectedandareessentialforcellularRNAhomeostasis.Ineukaryotes,sRNAs,typically20–31nucleotidesinlength,areaclassofncRNAsfoundtofunctionasnodesinvariousgeneregulatorynetworks.sRNAsareknowntoplaysignificantrolesinregulatingRNApopulationatthetranscriptional,post-transcriptional,andtranslationallevels.AlongwithsRNAs,suchasmiRNAs,siRNAs,andpiRNAs,newcategoriesofncRNAs,i.e.,lncRNAsandcircRNAs,alsocontributetoRNAmetabolismregulationineukaryotes.Inplants,variousgeneticscreenshedemonstratedthatsRNAbiogenesismutants,aswellasRNAmetabolismpathwaymutants,exhibitsimilargrowthanddevelopmentdefects,misregulatedprimaryandsecondarymetabolism,aswellasimpairedstressresponse.Inaddition,sRNAsareboththe“products”andthe“regulators”inbroadRNAmetabolismnetworks;generegulatorynetworksinvolvingsRNAsformautoregulatoryloopsthataffecttheexpressionofbothsRNAandtherespectivetarget.ThisreviewexaminestheinterconnectedaspectsofRNAmetabolismwithsRNAregulatorypathwaysinplants.Italsoexploresthepotentialconservationofthesepathwaysacrossdifferentkingdoms,particularlyinplantsandanimals.Additionally,thereviewhighlightshowcellularRNAhomeostasisdirectlyimpactsadaptiveresponsestoenvironmentalchangesaswellasdifferentdevelopmentalaspectsinplants.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueNon-CodingRNAandTheirRegulatoryRolesinPlant)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure314pes,485KiB OpenAccessReviewBiocontrolofMycotoxigenicFungibyActinobacteriabyLouiseMaud,NathalieBarakat,JulieBornot,SelmaP.SniniandFlorenceMathieuJ.Fungi2025,11(1),4;doi.org/10.3390/jof-24Dec2024AbstractActinobacteriaarewellknownfortheirproductionofmetabolitesofinterest.Theyhebeenpreviouslystudiedtoidentifynewantibioticsinmedicalresearchandfortheirabilitytostimulateplantgrowthinronomicresearch.Actinobacteriarepresentsarealsourceofpotentialbiocontrolents[...]Readmore.Actinobacteriaarewellknownfortheirproductionofmetabolitesofinterest.Theyhebeenpreviouslystudiedtoidentifynewantibioticsinmedicalresearchandfortheirabilitytostimulateplantgrowthinronomicresearch.Actinobacteriarepresentsarealsourceofpotentialbiocontrolents(BCAs)today.Withtheaimofreducingtheuseofphytosanitaryproductsby50%withthedifferentEcophytoplans,apossibleapplicationisthefightainstmycotoxin-producingfungiinfoodmatricesandcropsusingBCAs.Todealwiththisproblem,theuseofactinobacteria,notablybelongingtotheStreptomycesgenus,ortheirspecializedmetabolitesseemstobeasolution.Inthisreview,wefocusedontheimpactofactinobacteriaortheirmetabolitesonthedevelopmentofmycotoxigenicfungiandmycotoxinproductionontheonehand,andontheotherhandontheirabilitytodetoxifyfoodmatricescontaminatedbymycotoxins.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueMycotoxinContaminationandControlinFood)13pes,1241KiB OpenAccessArticleEffectofeontheBiomechanicalPropertiesofPorcineLCLbyNarendraSingh,JovanTrajkovski,JoseFelixRodriguezMatasandRobertKuncBioengineering2025,12(1),5;doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering-24Dec2024AbstractTheLateralCollateralLigament(LCL),oneofthefourmajorligamentsinthekneejoint,residesontheouteraspectoftheknee.Itformsavitalconnectionbetweenthefemurandthefibula.TheLCL’sprimaryroleistoprovidestabilityainst[...]Readmore.TheLateralCollateralLigament(LCL),oneofthefourmajorligamentsinthekneejoint,residesontheouteraspectoftheknee.Itformsavitalconnectionbetweenthefemurandthefibula.TheLCL’sprimaryroleistoprovidestabilityainstVarusforces,safeguardingthekneefromunduerotationandtibialdisplacement.Uniaxialmechanicaltestingwasconductedonthedogbone(DB)samplesinthisstudy.Theporcineofdifferentes,from3monthsto48months(4years)old,wereusedtoanalysetheeffectofe.Aconstantheadspeedof200mm/swasappliedthroughouttheteststomimicstrain–stressanddameresponsesataninitialstrainrateof13.3/s.ThemechanicalpropertiesofLCLwereevaluated,withaspecificfocusontheeffectofe.TheLMM(LinearMixedModel)analysisrevealedamarginallysignificantpositiveslopeforYoung’smodulus(p=0.0512)andasignificantintercept(p=0.0016);forMaximumStress,anegativeslope(p=0.0346)andsignificantintercept(p<0.0001);whileMaximumStretchshowedasignificantnegativeslope(p=0.0007)andintercept(p<0.0001),indicatingthemusclereducescomplianceandload-bearingcapacitywithe.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionBiomechanicsandSportsMedicine)10pes,1681KiB OpenAccessCommunicationResearchonPt-BasedFilmNegativePhotoconductivityPhotothermalDetectorUnderDifferentWelengthLaserIrradiationbyWenbaoSun,LanglangDu,QinlangYuan,YueyuSun,ZhendongFu,HaitingZhang,XiaoxianSong,ShanshanDongandJianquanYaoPhotonics2025,12(1),6;doi.org/10.3390/photonics-24Dec2024AbstractAbstract:Platinum(Pt)isarareandpreciousmetalelementwithnumerousuniqueproperties.ThesepropertiesheledtothewidespreaduseofPtinelectroniccomponents,thermocouples,andhigh-temperaturedevices.Inthisstudy,wepresentthebolometriceffectofsingle-metalPt-based[...]Readmore.Abstract:Platinum(Pt)isarareandpreciousmetalelementwithnumerousuniqueproperties.ThesepropertiesheledtothewidespreaduseofPtinelectroniccomponents,thermocouples,andhigh-temperaturedevices.Inthisstudy,wepresentthebolometriceffectofsingle-metalPt-basednegativephotoconductivity(NPC)devicesunderthelaserirradiationof375nm,532nm,and808nm.Undertheconditionofapplying0.5Vvolte,theresponsivity(R)ofthePtphotothermaldetector(Pt-PTD)under375nmlaserirradiationwas69.14mA/W,andthespecificdetectivity(D*)was5.38×107Jones;theRofthePt-PTDunder532nmlaserirradiationwas59.46mA/W,andtheD*was4.61×107Jones;theRofthePt-PTDunder808nmlaserirradiationwas37.88mA/W,andtheD*was2.95×107Jones.Additionally,asingle-sitescanningimingsystembasedonaPt-PTDwasdesignedtotestthecapabilityofthedevice.ThisstudyprovidesastrategyforthedevelopmentofthermalmeasurementdetectorsbasedonPtmaterials.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueAdvancedPhotonicsMetamaterialsandMetasurfaces:ScienceandApplications,2ndEdition)27pes,4051KiB OpenAccessFeaturePaperArticleToolWearStateMonitoringinTitaniumAlloyMillingBasedonWeletPacketandTTAO-CNN-BiLSTM-AMbyZongshuoYang,LiLi,YunfengZhang,ZhengquanJiangandXuegangLiuProcesses2025,13(1),13;doi.org/10.3390/pr-24Dec2024AbstractToeffectivelymonitorthenonlinearwearvariationoftoolsduringtheprocessingoftitaniumalloys,thisstudyproposesahybriddeepneuralnetworkfaultdinosismodelthatintegratesthetriangulationtopologygregationoptimizer(TTAO),convolutionalneuralnetwork(CNN),bidirectionallongshort-termmemorynetwork[...]Readmore.Toeffectivelymonitorthenonlinearwearvariationoftoolsduringtheprocessingoftitaniumalloys,thisstudyproposesahybriddeepneuralnetworkfaultdinosismodelthatintegratesthetriangulationtopologygregationoptimizer(TTAO),convolutionalneuralnetwork(CNN),bidirectionallongshort-termmemorynetwork(BiLSTM),andattentionmechanism(AM).Firstly,vibrationsignalsfromthemachinetoolspindleareacquiredandsubjectedtotheweletpackettransform(WPT)toextractmulti-frequencybandenergyfeaturesasmodelinputs.Then,theCNNandBiLSTMmodulescapturethefeaturesandtemporalrelationshipsoftheinputsignals.Finally,introductionoftheAM,combinedwiththeTTAOalgorithm,automaticallyextractsdeepfeatures,overcomingissuessuchaslocaloptimaandslowconvergenceintraditionalneuralnetworks,therebyenhancingtheaccuracyandefficiencyoftoolwearstaterecognition.Theexperimentalresultsdemonstratethattheproposedmodelachievesanereaccuracyrateof98.649%inpredictingtoolwearstates,outperformingtraditionalbackpropation(BP)networksandstandardCNNmodels.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueGreenManufacturingProcesses:DataModellingandFusion-DrivenOptimizationControl)MoreArticles...OpenAccessJournalsAcousticsActaMicrobiologicaHellenica(AMH)ActuatorsAdhesivesAdministrativeSciencesAdolescentsAdvancesinRespiratoryMedicine(ARM)AerobiologyAerospacericultureriEngineeringrochemicalsronomyAIAirAlgorithmsAllergiesAlloysAnalyticaAnalyticsAnatomiaAnesthesiaResearchAnimalsAntibioticsAntibodiesAntioxidantsAppliedBiosciencesAppliedMechanicsAppliedMicrobiologyAppliedNanoAppliedSciencesAppliedSystemInnovation(ASI)AppliedChemAppliedMathAquacultureJournalArchitectureArthropodaArtsAstronomyAtmosphereAtomsAudiologyResearchAutomationAxiomsBacteriaBatteriesBehioralSciencesBeveresBigDataandCognitiveComputing(BDCC)BioChemBioengineeringBiologicsBiologyBiologyandLifeSciencesForumBiomassBiomechanicsBioMedBiomedicinesBioMedInformaticsBiomimeticsBiomoleculesBiophysicaBiosensorsBioTechBirdsBlockchainsBrainSciencesBuildingsBusinessesCCancersCardiogeneticsCatalystsCellsCeramicsChallengesChemEngineeringChemistryChemistryProceedingsChemosensorsChildrenChipsCivilEngCleanTechnologies(CleanTechnol.)ClimateClinicalandTranslationalNeuroscience(CTN)ClinicalBioenergeticsClinicsandPracticeClocks&SleepCoastsCoatingsColloidsandInterfacesColorantsCommoditiesComplicationsCompoundsComputationComputerSciences&MathematicsForumComputersCondensedMatterConservationConstructionMaterialsCorrosionandMaterialsDegradation(CMD)CosmeticsCOVIDCropsCryoCryptographyCrystalsCurrentIssuesinMolecularBiology(CIMB)CurrentOncologyDairyDataDentistryJournalDermatoDermatopathologyDesignsDiabetologyDinosticsDieteticsDigitalDisabilitiesDiseasesDiversityDNADronesDrugsandDrugCandidates(DDC)DynamicsEarthEcologiesEconometricsEconomiesEducationSciencesElectricityElectrochemElectronicMaterialsElectronicsEmergencyCareandMedicineEncyclopediaEndocrinesEnergiesEnergyStoreandApplications(ESA)EngEngineeringProceedingsEntropyEnvironmentalandEarthSciencesProceedingsEnvironmentsEpidemiologiaEpigenomesEuropeanBurnJournal(EBJ)EuropeanJournalofInvestigationinHealth,PsychologyandEducation(EJIHPE)FermentationFibersFinTechFireFishesFluidsFoodsForecastingForensicSciencesForestsFossilStudiesFoundationsFractalandFractional(FractalFract)FuelsFutureFutureInternetFuturePharmacologyFutureTransportationGalaxiesGamesGasesGastroenterologyInsightsGastrointestinalDisordersGastronomyGelsGenealogyGenesGeographiesGeoHazardsGeomaticsGeometryGeosciencesGeotechnicsGeriatricsGlaciesGout,Urate,andCrystalDepositionDisease(GUCDD)GrassesHardwareHealthcareHeartsHematoHematologyReportsHeriteHistoriesHorticulturaeHospitalsHumanitiesHumansHydrobiologyHydrogenHydrologyHygieneImmunoInfectiousDiseaseReportsInformaticsInformationInfrastructuresInorganicsInsectsInstrumentsIntelligentInfrastructureandConstructionInternationalJournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealth(IJERPH)Interna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